http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/1652 Wed, 02 Sep 2026 16:23:46 GMT 2026-09-02T16:23:46Z http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9244 Sonographic Prevalence of Gallstone among Adult Subjects in Nnewi Anambra State, Nigeria Ezugwu, Emmanuel Emeka Gallbladder stones are sometimes silent disease and often neglected, and could cause life threatening medical complications when it manifests clinically. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of gallbladder stone in the adult population of Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted during a period of 34 months; from June, 2011 to April, 2014. A convenience sample of 3501 consecutive consenting subjects who met the inclusion criteria was evaluated. Ultrasound examination was carried out on each participant with special emphasis on the biliary system, and the presence or otherwise of gallstone was documented. The weight of each participant was measured with a simple bathroom weighing balance. With each participant barefooted and standing in Frankfurt position, their heights were measured using a meter rule. Body mass index was calculated from the weight and height measurements. The age of each subject was recorded. Participants were aged between 18 and 92 years; 49.4% males (n = 1731) and 50.6% females (n = 1770). Only 4.4% of the subjects (n = 154) had gallstones. Twenty-seven percent (n = 41) of the subjects with stone were men, whereas 73% (n = 154) of the subjects with stones were women. Body mass index (BMI) was identified as the most prominent factor of gallstone formation, with obese subjects having greatest gallstone prevalence. Incidence according to age showed no definite pattern. About 27% of the total gallstone incidents was symptomatic, only slightly above five percent was associated with cholecystitis. Generally, low prevalence rate of gallstone was noted within the studied population. The study showed that there is low prevalence of gallstone among adult population in Nnewi, Nigeria. It also revealed that increasing BMI value and sex appear to be risk factors for gallstone occurrence. http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9244 http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9243 Assessment of Prostate Volume and Prostate Specific Antigen among Apparently Healthy Adult Males in Port Harcourt, Nigeria Eke, Christian Maduabuchi This study was aimed at establishing a relationship between prostate volume (PV) and prostate specific antigen (PSA).This was a cross-sectional survey design involving 500 asymptomatic male subjects aged 30-45 years in Port Harcourt, South-South, Nigeria between January, 2014 and October, 2015. This was conducted with a view to establish the basis for inferences when screening the populations for benign prostatic hyperplasia and other prostatic pathologies such as prostatitis and prostate carcinoma. Subjects were recruited prospectively and a digital rectal examination (DRE) was performed to exclude potential obstructing masses and to determine the appropriate angle for probe insertion to lessen the discomfort of the patient. They were subsequently scanned trans-rectally in a left lateral decubitus position with knees flexed. Prostate Specific Antigen of subjects was assessed with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit utilising the Quantitative Sandwich Immunoassay technique at Image Diagnostics, Port Harcourt Nigeria. The mean prostatic volume was 19.47+7.9 cm3. A good correlation was found between PV and PSA ( r = 0.5; p = 0.000) while the relationship was very weak with age (r = 0.05,p = 0.31) and very good with Body Mass Index (r = 0.01;p = 0.80). A coefficient of determination, R2 of 22.9% was derived from regression analysis (y = 0.031x + 0.894). A nomogram of prostate volume across various age groups was established. http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9243 http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9242 Biometry of the Corpus Callosum in an Adult Nigerian Population Using Magnetic Resonance Anumihe, Peter-Damian Obinna This was a prospective cross-sectional survey study conducted in the Radio diagnostic Department of National Hospital Abuja from June 2013 to January 2014 on 210 cases (111 males and 99 females). The specific objectives were to determine the: (i) biometric values of corpus callosum in an adult Nigerian population, (ii) differences in corpus callosal biometry among different sexes and (iii) relationship between age, body mass index and corpus callosal biometry.The following findings were made from the study: The mean corpus callosal biometry for the total population were: LC; 7.76±0.57cm, HC; 2.45±0.28cm, WG; 1.19±0.19cm, WS; 1.17±1.20cm, WC; 0.62±0.01cm, WCA; 0.58±0.01cm, WCP; 0.49±0.01cm, LR; 1.78±0.25cm. The mean corpus callosal biometry for the males were: LC; 7.82±0.45cm, HC; 2.46±0.29cm, WG; 1.20±0.19cm, WS; 1.17±1.21cm, WC; 0.62±0.10cm, WCA; 0.49±0.09cm, WCP; 0.49±0.07cm, LR; 1.78±0.25cm. The mean corpus callosal biometry for the females were: LC; 7.69±0.91cm, HC; 2.43±0.28cm, WG; 1.17±0.18cm, WS; 1.18±1.20cm, WC; 0.64±0.01cm, WCA; 0.59±0.08cm, WCP; 0.49±0.08cm, LR; 1.77±0.22cm. There was no significant difference (P >0.05) in the mean values of corpus callosal biometry in males when compared to the females. There was no significant relationship (P > 0.05) between corpus callosal biometry with age and BMI. The normal values from this work can give a clue in making diagnosis of some brain disease processes. Hence, the effect of brain diseases on the corpus callosum can further be researched upon among the Nigerian population. Sat, 01 Aug 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9242 2015-08-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9241 Sonographic Assessment of Renal Parenchymal and Medullary Pyramid Thicknesses among Healthy Children in Selected Schools in Enugu, Nigeria Akpan, Victoria Peter Renal parenchymal thickness (RPT) and renal medullary pyramid thickness (MPT) are important renal size parameters and there is no existing ultrasound normogram for RPT and MPT among children in our locality. Thus, this study was aimed at establishing normal values for RPT and MPT among children in Enugu metropolis; establishing the relationship between RPT and MPT with age, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) among the subjects; establishing the relationship between RPT and MPT with Kidney length (KL) among the subjects, determining the normal values of renal medullary pyramid thickness to renal parenchymal thickness (MPT/RPT) ratio in children, and comparing the values of RPT and MPT obtained in this study with that from a previous study in Turkish population. The study was a prospective cross sectional study conducted in schools in Enugu metropolis in which 512 children who met the inclusion criteria were studied. Renal assessment was carried out using Chison digital ultrasound equipment, model 8100 with 3.5 and 5MHz transducer frequencies. The RPT and MPT were measured at the mid section of the kidney. The mean right and left RPT and MPT were (12.62 ± 1.67 and 7.10 ± 0.92)mm and (12.81 ± 1.7 and 7.23 ± 0.94) mm respectively. The right and left RPT correlated strongly with age, height, weight, and BSA but moderately with BMI. A moderate positive correlation was observed between MPT and age, height, weight and BSA. However, a weak correlation was observed between MPT and BMI. Thus, normograms of RPT and MPT in relation to age could be useful for the assessment of the kidneys in children. Tue, 01 Sep 2015 00:00:00 GMT http://repository.unn.edu.ng/handle/123456789/9241 2015-09-01T00:00:00Z