Effect of Alunimium - Magnesium Silicate on the Antiplasmodial Activities of Chloroquine Phosphate in Mice

Abstract

Effect of stabilizing chloroquine phosphate in a synthetic Aluminium Magnesium silicate (Nanoparticles) on antiplasmodial activity of the drug was investigated. Mice infected with Plasmodium berghei were treated with chloroquine phosphate at 7 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg dose levels respectively. Two subgroups at each dose level were treated with chloroquine phosphate alone and with a drug formulation of 20% chloroquine phosphate in the synthetic Aluminium Magnesium Silicate (AMS) as an adjuvant. Percentage Plasmodium berghei parasitaemia (parasite/ml), Red blood cell (Rbc) count, Heamoglobin concentration (Hb), Rectal temperature (°C) and Body weight of mice in each of the treated groups and of the control were determined and compared. Mean parasitaemia, 4.15 0.26 of the group treated with 7mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone was higher (P<0.05) than the 3.60 0.22 of the control. At 5mg/kg and at 3mg/kg dose levels, the AMS significantly (p<0.05) improved ability of chloroquine phosphate to reduce plasmodial parasitaemia from 2.46 0.21 to 1.57 0.25, and from, 3.82 0.06 to 2.12 0.08 respectively. Mean Hb, 12.95 0.25, 12.25 0.27 and 12.68 0.18 of the groups treated with 7mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone, 5mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone and 5mg/kg chloroquine phosphate in AMS respectively, were significantly (P<0.05) higher than 10.43± 2.64 of the only surviving mouse treated with 7mg/kg chloroquine phosphate in AMS and the mean, 10.18 3.00 got in the group treated with 3mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone.Mean Red blood cell counts (×106/µl): 9.52 2.81, 9.29 4.01 and 9.52 5.32 of the groups treated with 7mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone, 5mg/kg chloroquine phosphate in AMS and 3mg/kg chloroquine phosphate in AMS respectively, were also significantly (P<0.05) higher than 8.90 5.72 of the group treated with 5mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone and 8.60 of the mouse treated with 7mg/kg chloroquine phosphate in AMS. Least RBC count, 6.34 18.02 was obtained in the group treated with 3mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone. Mean rectal temperature of 35.56 0.820C and 35.73 0.380C of the groups treated with 5mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone and 5mg/kg chloroquine phosphate in AMS respectively, were significantly (P<0.05) lower than 37.92 0.38°C of the mice treated with 7mg/kg chloroquine phosphate in AMS and 36.84 0.320C, 36.84 0.320C and 36.16 0.350C obtained in the groups treated with 7mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone, 3mg/kg chloroquine phosphate in AMS and in the control respectively. Mean body weight, 32.66 2.10kg of the group treated with 5mg/kg chloroquine phosphate in AMS was significantly (P<0.05) higher than 29.29 0.51kg, 29.17kg and 29.06 1.95kg obtained in the groups treated with 7mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone, 7mg/kg chloroquine phosphate in AMS and 5mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone respectively. It was also significantly (P<0.05) higher than 26.65 0.83kg and 26.35 0.61kg of the groups treated with 3mg/kg chloroquine phosphate alone and 3mg/kg chloroquine phosphate in AMS respectively. At 7 mg/kg there was mortality with chloroquine phosphate alone (20%) and with the chloroquine phosphate in AMS drug (80%).