Abstract:
To study the effect of glucose counter regulatory hormones on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients at Enugu, Enugu state Nigeria, I measured the plasmainsulin, growth hormones, cortisol, fasting blood sugar, Diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and Basal metabolic index in 150 (60 males and 90 females) Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and compared their results with 90(45 males and 45 females) sex and age matched apparently healthy non Diabetic controls.
The mean SBP of type 2 DM patients and controls were 141.90 ± 2.08 mmHg and 117.461± 0.56 mmHg. The mean DBP of type 2 DM patients and controls were 96.38 ± 1.33mmHg and 81.66 ± 1.08mmHg. The mean BMI of type 2 DM patients and controls were 26.88 ± 0.45 kg/m2 and 24.55 ± 0.43 kg/m2. The mean FBS of type 2 DM patients and controls were 8.57±0.33 mmol/l and 4.48±0.06 mmol/l. The mean cortisol levels of type 2 DM patients and controls were 163.47± 8.91ng/ml and 94.14± 4.97ng/ml. The mean PI levels of type 2 DM patients and controls were 13.60± 1 iu/ml and 8.17± 0.72 i.u/ml.The mean GH levels of type 2 DM patients and controls were 0.42± 0.06 ng/ml and 0.84± 0.22 ng/ml. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the mean values for all parameters analyzed for type 2 DM patients when compared with those of controls. This clearly reveals a clear difference in the demographics and hormonal levels for Type 2 Diabetes. A significant inverse correlation was observed between cortisol and PI(r =0.32) between Type 2 DM and those of controls. Over fifteen percent type 2 DM patients, (15.2 %) were found with abnormally high cortisol level above the upper reference limit (> 230 ng/ml). There was no abnormally high GH above the upper reference limit (>7ng/ml) in type 2 DM patients. Over ten percent (10.5%) of type 2 DM patients had PI above the upper reference range (>25μiu/ml). No significant correlation was found between cortisol and GH. These findings will contribute to diagnosis and prognosis of type 2 DM patients in Enugu, Eastern Nigeria.
