Abstract:
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a single stranded non-enveloped DNA virus belonging to the family of parvoviridae that requires rapidly dividing cells for its replication. The virus is however, extremely tough, surviving exposure to many routine disinfectants and surviving from months to years in soil or on fomites. There are currently three widely recognised strains of canine parvovirus: CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c. Canine parvovirus is highly infectious and is transmitted from dog to dog by direct or indirect contact through feco-oral route and has been reported in many countries. The predisposing factors associated with the development of clinical parvovirus disease include stressors (such as early weaning, overcrowding and
parasite load), insufficient passive or active immunity, geographical region and the presence of other pathogens. The disease has been reported to be more severe in puppies than in adult dogs. There are two common clinical forms: gastro-enteritis form common in adults and myocarditis form common in puppies. The disease is characterized by lethargy, leucopenia, dehydration, anorexia, fever, vomiting and diarrhea, which may contain mucus or blood with a very strong foul smell. Control of the disease is mainly adoption of vaccination and by hygienic measures. Interference by maternally derived antibodies is regarded as a major cause of canine parvovirus vaccination failures in young dogs. Veterinarians and researchers have come to the conclusion that the surest way to know that a puppy has adequately responded to vaccinationor to confirm the immune status in a mature dog is to check the antibody levels in the dog’s serum.
