Investigations of Haematopoietic Activities of Sesamum Indicum, Linn Lectin in Albino Wistar Rats

Abstract

This study was designed, to investigate the haemopoietic activity of Sesamum indicum, Linn lectin (Beeniseed). The lectin was obtained and authenticated in the Botany department, University of Nigeria Nsukka. The LD50 of the lectin was determined with mice (n=17). Wistar rats (n=35), weighing 140 to 200 grams, aged 6 to 8 weeks were purchased and housed in the Animal House of College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus for 7 days to acclimatize before the study. The Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups labeled A, B, C, D and E. The pre-analytical bodyweight of the Wistar rats were determined and baseline Day 0 samples collected from all the groups for analysis. Group A served as control. Group B received 30%, C received 50%, D received 70% and E received 90% of lectin intraperitoneally and left for 10 days. Samples (first harvest) were collected on Day 11 for the following haematological parameters: White Blood Cell count (WBC), Red Blood Cell count (RBC), Haemoglobin (Hb), PCV: Platelet count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil and Basophil, Bleeding time, Activated partial thromboplastin time and Prothrombin time. The Wistar rats stayed without lectin injection for 7 days. On Day 18, the Wistar rat groups received the same concentrations of lectin again and left for 10 days. Samples (second harvest) were collected on Day 29 for the same parameters mentioned earlier. The Wistar rats stayed without lectin injection for 7 days. On Day 37, the groups received the same concentrations of lectin injection for again and left for 10 days. Samples (third harvest) were collected on Day 48 for the same parameters. The study lasted for 48 days. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in Graph pad prism version 5.03. The baseline values were; WG: [170.3 ± 36.90) g] WBC: [(9.029 ± 36.90) 10 9/L), RBC [(7.211 ± 1.261) 1012] Hb: [13.93 ± 1.320 g/dl)] PCV: [40.95%±3.39] PLT: [(658.7± 174.4) x 1012] MCV: [(66.76 ±4.417) FL), MCH: [119.80 ± 3.3785) pg], MCHC: {(29.81± 6.6403)%], Neutrophil 42.29 ± 14.27) %], Lymphocyte { 53.29±16.06) %], Monocyte: [ (0.8571 ± 1.069) %], Eosinophil: [(3.571 ± 2.070), Basophil: [0.00 ± 0.00) %], Bleeding Time: [1.889 ± 0.9235) , APTT: [(0.471± 0.6047) S], PT: (0.442 ± 0.8200):the first harvest (30%) value: WT: [172.8±(26.04) g], WBC: [11.18±(6.072) x109/L], RBC:[ 7.53 ± (0.8320 x1012 )] HB: [13.83±(1.287) pg], PCV:[41.44 ± (3.661)% ] PLT: [796.3±(93.29) x1012/L], MCV: [55.03± (4.400) FL], MCH: [18.40± (0.6055) pg], MCHC: [33.37±(0.3631)g/L ], Neutrophil: [44.0±(17.76) %], Lymphocyte: [48.25 ± (17.15) %], Monocyte: [0.500±(1.00) %], Eosinophil: [4.250±(2.500) %] , Basophil: [0.500±(0.5774) %], Bleeding time: [1.210 ± (0.1036) S], APTT: [0.2175± (0.0754) S], PT: [0.937±(0.231) S], second harvest (30%) value: WT: [173.4 ± (25.79) g], WBC: [20.15 ± (5.827) X109/L], RBC: [8.210± (1.711) 1012/L], HB: [15.38 ± (3.144) g/dl], PCV:[45.56 ± (6.203)% ], PLT:[804.3± (515.4) x1012/L], MCV: [55.49 ± (3.625) FL], MCH: [18.73 ±(1.837) pg], MCHC: [33.75±(0.5068) ], Neutrophil: [38.25±(89.58) %], Lymphocyte: [59.00 ±(0.577) %], Monocyte: [0.5000 ± (0.5774) Eosinophil: [1.500±(1.000) %] , Basophil: [0.7500±(0.975) %], Bleeding time: [3.223 ± (0.8583) S], APTT: [0.3200± (0.1715) S], PT: [0.2500±(0.221) S], Third harvest (30%) value: WT: [181.7 ± (27.79) g], WBC: [12.33 ± (2.797) X109/L], RBC: [6.79± (0.9421) 1012/L], HB: [12.47 ± (1.790) g/dl], PCV:[38.20 ± (5.473)% ], PLT:[120.0± (154.8) x1012/L], MCV: [56.25 ± (5.806) FL], MCH: [18.37 ±(1.900) pg], MCHC: [32.64±(0.673) ], Neutrophil: [39.00±(4.359) %], Lymphocyte: [59.00 ±(5.000) %], Monocyte: [0.000 ± (0.000-) Eosinophil: [1.667±(1.528) %] , Basophil: [0.3300±(0.5744) %], Bleeding time: [1.263 ± (0.2843) S], APTT: [0.1967± (0.03125) S], PT: [0.246±(0.042) S], the weight body of the experimental animals showed significant increase among different concentration p<0.005, likewise Monocyte count and white blood cell count were significantly increased p< 0.05 and 0.05, whereas the HB and PCV showed significant different p< 0.05 based on day of exposure of the animals to the lectin, the platelet count was also significantly increased on the basis of days of exposure p <0.05, Eosinophil count was significantly reduced p< 0.05 and likewise the bleeding time p< 0.05, MCV and MCHC were significantly increased without effect on MCH p <0.05 and p< 0.05 respectively, the Seaamum Indicum, Linn lectin agglutinates blood group A and B up to 1:256 and 1:64 . We concluded that Sesamum indicum, Linn lectin is non toxic lectin which has effect on haematopoietic activity of Wistar rat.